Production planning and control of closed-loop supply chains
نویسندگان
چکیده
Closed-loop supply chains are characterized by the recovery of returned products. In most of these chains (e.g. glass, metal, paper, computers, copiers), used products (also known as cores) are returned by or collected from customers. But returned products can also come from production facilities within the supply chain (production defectives, by-products. In cases with internal returns, recovery is often referred to as rework.
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